The Federal Trade Commission (FTC) enforces federal consumer protection laws that guard against unfair or fraudulent business practices. State attorneys general also play a key role in advocating on behalf of consumers. Although the scope of consumer protection varies across industries, it consistently seeks to ensure fairness in the marketplace by regulating areas such as:
Consumer protection also intersects with other areas of law. Trademark law, for example, originated as a way to protect consumers from confusion about the source of goods, though modern doctrine often emphasizes safeguarding business goodwill. Likewise, antitrust law was historically justified in part as protecting consumers from monopolistic practices, but today is often framed in terms of preserving competition itself. Together, these bodies of law highlight how concerns about consumers, businesses, and markets frequently overlap.